fig5

Figure 5. Fabrication strategies for organ-specific bioelectronics with high-resolution and large-area fabrication. (A) Schematic illustration of photolithographic microfabrication^[188]. Copyright © 2025, published by Springer Nature; (B) LIG fabrication^[191]. Copyright © 2025, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; (C) Inkjet-based printing of bioelectronic devices^[190]. Copyright © 2022, published by Springer Nature; (D) Electrospun nanofiber-based soft electronics^[194]. Copyright © 2025, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; (E) An electrospun conductive cardiac patch designed to conformally wrap around the surface of an infarcted heart^[195]. Copyright © 2023, published by Elsevier. LIG: Laser-induced graphene; HEO: high-entropy oxide; BADSCs: brown adipose-derived stem cells; CNTs: carbon nanotubes; CNBS: CPSN-BADSCs sheets; CPSN: CNTs-containing electrospun polycaprolactone/silk fibroin nanofibers; PCL: polycaprolactone; SF: silk fibroin; HFIP: hexafluoroisopropanol.