fig2
Figure 2. Mechanical matching between bioelectronic substrates and biological organs. Some elements were reproduced with permission, including hydrogels[24], Copyright © 2024, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; elastomers[21], Copyright © 2025, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; biodegradable substates[22], Copyright © 2025, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim; high-modulus, no-degradable films[25], Copyright © 2020, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Some schematic elements Created in BioRender. Liu, X. (2026) https://BioRender.com/tcvk8fu. PI: Polyimide; LCP: liquid crystal polymer; PEN: polyethylene naphthalate; PEDOT:PSS: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate); PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; PU: polyurethane; PLA: polylactic acid; PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).








