fig4

Figure 4. Phase programming strategies toward enhanced cycling stability. (A) Schematic illustration of phase programming concepts for improving cycling stability; (B) Schematic diagram comparing the changes in materials with and without AlF₃ coating after cycling^[51]. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[51] Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society; (C) Phase programming strategy using spinel nanodomains to relieve strain accumulation and suppress structural degradation^[52]. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[52] Copyright © 2025 Elsevier; D) (Schematic illustration of twin boundaries mitigating lattice evolution and crack formation of ternary (NMC) materials during cycling^[53]. Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[53] Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society.