fig5

Figure 5. (A) HCHO conversion (η) as a function of temperature (T) over x wt% Na-1 wt% Pt/TiO₂ (x = 0, 1, and 2). Reaction conditions: 600 ppm HCHO, 20 vol% O₂, 50% relative humidity, He (balance), total flow rate = 50 cm³/min, and SV = 120,000 h^-1 (inset: stability test over 2 wt% Na-1 wt% Pt/TiO₂ at 25 °C and SV = 300,000 h^-1 under the same other reaction conditions); (B) H₂-TPR profiles of x wt% Na-1% Pt/TiO₂ (x = 0, 1, and 2)^[54]. (A and B) adapted from reference^[54]. Copyright 2012, John Wiley and Sons; (C) Electron density difference plots for the Pt-W structure. Blue represents an electron-loss region, and yellow represents an electron-accumulation region. The isosurface level is 0.01 e/ų; PDOS plots for the (D) Pt sites in Pt nanoparticles, (E) Pt sites in PtW nanoparticles, and (F) W sites in PtW nanoparticles^[62]. C−F adapted from reference^[62]. Copyright 2026, Elsevier. PDOS: Projected density of states; H₂-TPR: hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction.