fig2

Figure 2. CO₂ activation and conversion in aqueous microdroplets. (A) WO₃·0.33H₂O photocatalytic CO₂ reduction^[5]; (B) Comparisons between the yield of CO₂ photoreduction in the microdroplet system (PMEF) and the previous observation in bulk solution^[1]; (C) Formation of FA (HCOOH) depending on different conditions of the copper(II)-phenanthroline complex [Cu(Phen)₂]^2+[20]; (D) Schematic of the experimental setup for the reduction of CO₂ in microbubbles^[20]; (E) SiO₂-driven CO₂ conversion at the gas-water interface^[21]; (F) Fixation of CO₂ by C₆F₅^- in microdroplets^[6]; (G) Schematic diagram of scale-up reactor and CO₂ transfer in microdroplet^[15]; (H) Kinetics analysis of CO₂ conversion in different scale-up reactors (stirring reactor, bubble reactor, and microdroplet reactor)^[15]. Figure 2A is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[5], Copyright © 2023 WILEY. Figure 2B is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[1], available under a CC BY-NC 4.0. Figure 2C and D is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[20], Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society. Figure 2E is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[21], Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society. Figure 2F is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[6], Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. Figure 2G and H is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[15], Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society. HOMO: Highest occupied molecular orbital; LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.