fig4

From: Dynamically adaptive molecular design via resonance variation

Figure 4. (A) Molecular structures of RVDA materials developed as HTMs of PSCs. (B) Schematic drawing of resonance variations-induced dynamic passivation of perovskite defects in situ and manipulation of perovskite crystallization; (C) Current density-voltage curves of CzCOPXZ-based PSCs; (D) Photothermal stability. Figure 4B-D is adapted from Ref.^[30] Copyright © 2023 WILEY. FF: Fill factor; V_OC: open-circuit voltage; J_SC: short-circuit current density; PCE: power conversion efficiency; RVDA: resonance variation-based dynamically adaptive; HTM: hole-transport material; PSC: perovskite solar cell.