fig4
Figure 4. (A) Schematic diagram of thermal runaway triggers of ASSBs at the cell level. Adapted from Ref.[55] under a CC BY 4.0 license; (B) Comparison of characteristic temperatures of ASSBs and liquid batteries during ARC tests. Adapted from Ref.[59] under a CC BY 4.0 license; (C) Schematic diagram of two distinct failure routes of different sulfide SSEs with NCM. Adapted from Ref.[60], Copyright © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023; (D) Schematic illustration of multistep thermal runaway reactions between oxide SSEs and metallic lithium. Adapted from Ref.[45], Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. ASSBs: All-solid-state batteries; ARC: accelerating rate calorimeter; SSEs: solid-state electrolytes; NCM: LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2; LPS: 75Li2S·25P2S5; LPSC: Li6PS5Cl; LGPS: Li10GeP2S12; LATP: Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3.
