fig7

Figure 7. Schematic illustration that links binder working mechanisms with key performance parameters and the corresponding characterization and validation methods. AFM: Atomic force microscopy; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; ICP: inductively coupled plasma; DEMS: differential electrochemical mass spectrometry; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; CV: cyclic voltammetry; GITT: galvanostatic intermittent titration technique.