fig8

Figure 8. (A) Schematic diagram of the synthesis process; (B) The TEM image and (C) HAADF-STEM image of Pt_ASSA@FeNiWPB; (D) Free energy evolution of Pt_ASSA@FeNiWPB and Pt_ASSA@FeNiPB during the processes of dual H₂O dissociation and two H^* adsorption steps. Figure 8A-D is reprinted with permission from^[54]. Copyright 2026, John Wiley and Sons; (E) Schematic illustration of Pt-SA/a-Ni(OH)₂ growth. Reprinted from^[52], under CC BY 4.0 license. ASSA: Atomic-spaced single-atom; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; HAADF-STEM: high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy; SA: single atom.