fig8
Figure 8. Schematic illustration of the thermal diffusion and ion migration, highlighting ionic TE properties influenced by ion type and size. (A) Schematic representation of ion thermal diffusion in a hydrogel, driven by the making and breaking of hydrogen bonds between ion and polymer chains in aqueous solution. Relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and the -ΔGHB values of (B) anions and (C) cations. (D) Viscosity and (E) Seebeck coefficient of ions in PVA hydrogel. Reproduced with permission[68]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.
