fig2
Figure 2. Ceramides interact with the MAPK pathway, which is associated with apoptosis. They also partake in amyloid formation. Ceramides are generated in response to mechanical stress through the mediation of caveolae and sphingomyelinase. The formation of caveolae under mechanical stress may be mediated by oxidative stress. Created in BioRender. S, G. (2025) https://BioRender.com/ab7uib8.
