fig2

Figure 2. Front-end intelligence systems for autonomous laboratories and catalyst discovery. (A) An LLM-assisted scientific planning framework represented by Coscientist. This figure is reproduced from reference^[5] under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license; (B) A hierarchical multi-agent system represented by ChemAgents for on-demand autonomous chemical research. This figure is reproduced with permission from reference^[19]. Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society; (C) A data-driven AI catalyst agent workflow. This figure is reproduced from reference^[20] under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license; (D) Databases and knowledge infrastructure for catalyst discovery, supporting front-end intelligent decision-making and experimental planning. This figure is adapted from reference^[21] (Figure 2A) under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. API: Application programming interface; LLM: large language model; DigCat: Digital Catalysis Platform; OC: Open Catalyst; DAC: direct air capture; ML: machine learning; MLIPs: machine learning interatomic potentials.