fig5

Figure 5. TEM images (A, E, I) and TEM mapping (B, C, D; F, G, H; and J, K, L) of nZVI reacted with Cu2+ (initial concentration = 5 mmol/L; nZVI dosage = 0.5 g/L; temperature = 25 ± 1 °C; initial pH = 4.0 ± 0.1; reaction time = 2 h). TEM: transmission electron microscopy.