fig6

Figure 6. Static nonreciprocal and reciprocity behavior of kirigami metamaterials^[29,55,56]. (A) Static nonreciprocal and reciprocity mechanisms of kirigami metamaterials; (B) Mechanical responses of kirigami structures differ in forward and reverse directions due to the coupling of material properties, geometric symmetry, and nonlinear buckling instabilities; (C) Static nonreciprocity arises from in-plane snap-through buckling of vertical beams, leading to distinct displacement-force curves. The angle of the vertical beams controls the symmetry and nonreciprocal behavior, which is critical for applications in tunable devices and soft robotics. Nonreciprocal behavior is analyzed using models such as the discrete spring model and in-plane tensile mechanics; (D) For reciprocal kirigami, the displacement-force curve response is linear.