fig5

Figure 5. Schematics of the main assembly methods for 2D-material-based nanochannel membranes. (A) Building van der Waals heterostructures[72]. Copyright 2013, Springer Nature Limited. (B) Pressure/Vacuum filtration. (C) Spin-coating. (D) Spray coating[181]. Copyright 2011, Royal Society of Chemistry. (E) Rob casting[181]. Copyright 2011, Royal Society of Chemistry.