fig4

Figure 4. Metabolism of NAD+. NAM: Nicotinamide; NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide; ETC: electron transport chain; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle; NAMPT: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; NR: nicotinamide riboside; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.