fig2

Figure 2. This diagram outlines the four-phase development process of the AR-based system. The figure is an original creation specifically designed for this study. Phase 1 (Requirement Analysis) focuses on understanding user needs, gathering requirements, and evaluating technical feasibility; Phase 2 (Design) involves architectural planning and UI design; Phase 3 (Implementation) covers application development, integration of third-party APIs, and testing; and Phase 4 (Testing) ensures functionality, user feedback incorporation, and bug resolution to finalise the application. AR: Augmented reality; UI: user interface; APIs: application programming interfaces.