fig1

Figure 1. Synthetic biology approaches to outer membrane vesicle (OMV) engineering. The figure depicts synthetic biology engineering approaches and example biotechnologies that could be utilised to engineer OMV producing strains to improve OMV yields and/or the therapeutic cargos of microbially produced OMVs. AI: artificial intelligence; CDS: coding sequence; CRISPR/dCas9: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/endonuclease deficient CRISPR-associated protein 9 (dCas9); DOE: design of experiments; OMV: outer membrane vesicle.