fig11

Figure 11. (A) Mechanism of CO₂ reduction catalyzed by organic molecules. (B) Free energy diagram of MAPbI₃ interface passivation for reducing CO₂ with different PMs. (C) Path diagrams of CO₂ reduction by different PMs. (a) is 4-MPy; (b) is 2-MPym(N); (c) is 5-Py; (d) is 2-Py. The black font represents the G energy required for the restoration path, and the red font represents the energy of G_max throughout the entire path.