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Figure 3. (A) Spatial localization of MNPs in MOF crystals regulated by template-sacrifice method. (B-E) TEM images of ZnO NRs (B), ZnO NRs@Au (C) and (D and E) ZnO NRs@Au@ZIF-8 composites with Au NPs at different locations: (D) inside and (E) near to the surface of ZIF-8. (F) Formation of the hierarchical CNT/Co₃O₄ microtubes. (G-I) FESEM of the synthesized ZIF-67 microtubes. (A-E) Adapted with permission^[82]. Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. (F-I) Adapted with permission^[96]. Copyright 2016, John Wiley and Sons. MOFs: Metal-organic frameworks; MNPs: metal nanoparticles; NPs: nanoparticles; FESEM: field emission scanning electron microscopy.